NZFO-PZT磁电复合纳米纤维的制备及其吸波性能

采用静电纺丝法制备(1-x)Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄-(x)Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃(简称为(1-x)NZFO-(x)PZT, x=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5)磁电复合纳米纤维, 研究了PZT含量对复合纳米纤维结构、电磁特性及微波吸收性能的影响。所有样品均由尖晶石结构NZFO和钙钛矿结构PZT两相所组成。由于NZFO磁损耗与PZT介电损耗的协同效应及界面效应的加强, 适量PZT相的引入可改善复合纳米纤维吸波涂层的电磁阻抗匹配和衰减特性, 提高微波吸收性能。x=0.3和0.4的复合纳米纤维分别在低频和高频范围表现出最强的微波吸收能力。当涂层厚度为2.5~5.0 mm时, x=0.3样品的最小反射损耗在6.1 GHz处达-77.2 dB, 反射损耗小于-10 dB的有效吸收带宽为11.2 GHz(2.8~12.9和16.9~18 GHz);x=0.4样品的最小反射损耗位于18 GHz处为-37.6 dB, 有效吸收带宽达到12.5 GHz(3.3~12.5和14.7~18 GHz)。     

钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体在能源转化中应用的研究进展

钙钛矿型离子电子导体具有良好的传导氧离子和电子性能,使其在能源转化过程中具有较好的应用前景,已成为人们研究的热点。本文综述了钙钛矿型离子电子导体的主要制备方法,并着重介绍了其在化学循环燃烧、氧气的分离、制氢、太阳能电池方面的应用。钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体可作为一种复合催化剂,应用于甲烷选择性氧化工艺,为钙钛矿离子电子导体应用新途径,同时为甲烷高效催化转化利用提供了理论支持。     

The Critical Effect of Niobium Doping on the Formation of Mesostructured TiO2: Single‐Crystalline Ordered Mesoporous Nb‐TiO2 and Plate‐like Nb‐TiO2 with Ordered Mesoscale Dimples

Highly ordered mesoporous niobium‐doped TiO₂ with a single‐crystalline framework was prepared by using silica colloidal crystals with ca. 30 nm in diameter as templates. The preparation of colloidal crystals composed of uniform silica nanoparticles is a key to obtain highly ordered mesoporous Nb‐doped TiO₂. The XPS measurements of Nb‐doped TiO₂ showed the presence of Nb⁵⁺ and correspondingly Ti³⁺. With the increase in the amount of doped Nb, the crystalline phase of the product was converted from rutile into anatase, and the lattice spacings of both rutile and anatase phases increased. Surprisingly, the increase in the amount of Nb led to the formation of plate‐like TiO₂ with dimpled surfaces on one side, which was directly replicated from the surfaces of the colloidal silica crystals.     

A generalized technique for the encapsulation of nano‐sized NiO particles by styrene‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer

Encapsulation of nickel oxide (NiO) particles is of great interest to the researchers as such modification produces remarkable improvement in properties and versatility in application potential. In this investigation, nanosized NiO particles were first prepared by calcination of nickel hydroxide precursor obtained using a simple liquid‐phase process. The produced NiO particles were stabilized with oleic acid and then treated with tetraethylorthosilicate to produce NiO/SiO₂ composite seed particles. Finally tri‐layered inorganic/organic composite particles were prepared by seeded copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of NiO/SiO₂ composite seed particles. The produced composite particles named as NiO/SiO₂/P(S‐HEMA) were colloidally stable, and the obtained particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

化学氧化合成聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线的电化学发光特性研究

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过氧化苯胺和鲁米诺混合溶液合成了聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线。相对于鲁米诺425 nm处的最大荧光发射波长,复合纳米线中聚鲁米诺的最大荧光发射波长明显红移到465 nm处。采用简单的滴凃方式将聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线修饰于石墨电极表面,形成一层稳定的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线膜。此聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线膜修饰电极呈现出良好的电化学发光特性,H2O2对化学合成的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线电化学发光呈现出增敏效应。在优化实验条件下,修饰电极的电化学发光信号与H2O2在5.0×10#9~1.0×10#5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2×10#9mol/L。     

Synthesis and characterisation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) Zr(IV) monothiophosphate composite cation exchanger: analytical application in the selective separation of lead metal ions

In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) zirconium(IV) monothiophosphate composite cation exchanger was prepared by sol–gel precipitation method. The presence of sulphur in the cation exchanger enhances affinity towards the heavy metal ions which can improve the selectivity of the material. The selectivity studies showed that the material is selective towards Pb(II) ions. To characterise the material, several physicochemical properties were also studied which includes X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. The ion-exchange behaviour of this cation exchanger was studied by using some of the selected properties like ion-exhange capacity for various metal ions, elution, effect of eluent concentration, thermal effect on ion-exchange capacity (IEC). The results of IEC and physicochemical properties revealed that the material is nanocomposite, crystalline, chemically, mechanically and thermally stable. The analytical ability of this cation exchanger was demonstrated in binary separation of Pb(II) ions from a mixture of other metal ions. The recovery is qualitative and the separations are reproducible.     

Investigations of the Vicarious C‐Aminations of 5,7‐Dinitrobenzotriazole and 4,6‐Dinitrobenzotriazol‐3‐ium‐1‐oxide and Their Energetic Properties

This combined experimental and theoretical study details the vicarious nucleophilic substitution by amination of 5,7‐dinitrobenzotriazol ( 1 ) and 4,6‐dinitrobenzotriazole‐3‐ium‐1‐oxide ( 4 ) with trimethylhydrazinium iodide to afford the new corresponding one‐ and two‐time aminated compounds and investigations of its mechanism by EPR spectroscopy. The preferred position for the first amination is computed by spin density population and verified by X‐ray crystallography. The zwitterionic structure of 4 is investigated in solution by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and in solid state by X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, the crystal structure of 1 is presented. The energetic behavior of the aminated products as well as the starting materials 1 and 4 was investigated, regarding sensitivities and performance.     

不同Ce/Mn摩尔比对CeO_2-MnO_x催化剂低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响

以高锰酸钾和硝酸锰为锰源,采用改进的共沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Mn摩尔比的Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂.以NH3为还原剂,考察了催化剂低温(小于150℃)NH3选择性催化还原NO的性能.并采用XRD,BET,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD和XPS等手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征.结果表明,Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂在50~150℃温度区间内表现出了良好的催化活性.引入适量的Ce可以有效地改变催化剂的晶粒大小,增强其氧化还原能力;而Mn的加入,促进了其低温SCR活性.当Ce/Mn摩尔比为1∶3时(C1M3),低温活性最佳,在82~150℃温度区间内NO去除率达到90%以上,这主要是由于C1M3催化剂有较高含量的表面吸附氧、大量的弱酸性位点、良好的氧化还原性能以及表面较高含量的Mn4+物种.     

Step‐by‐Step Growth of Complex Oxide Microstructures

The synthesis of complex and hybrid oxide microstructures is of fundamental interest and practical applications. However, the design and synthesis of such structures is a challenging task. A solution‐phase process to synthesize complex silica and silica–titania hybrid microstructures was developed by exploiting the emulsion‐droplet‐based step‐by‐step growth featuring shape control. The strategy is robust and can be extended to the preparation of complex hybrid structures consisting of two or more materials, with each having its own shape.